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Kiryat Anavim (, ''lit.'' City of Grapes) was the first kibbutz established in the Judean Hills.〔(Our History ) Kiryat Anavim〕 It is located west of Jerusalem, and falls under the jurisdiction of the Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2008 it had a population of 313.〔 ==History== The land on which the kibbutz stands was purchased from the neighboring village of Abu Ghosh. In 1912 the Abu Ghosh family sold thousands of dunams to Arthur Ruppin, who represented the Zionist movement. 〔(Army of shadows: Palestinian collaboration with Zionism, 1917 – 1948 / Hillel Cohen )〕 In 1919 a group of 6 pioneers from the Ukrainian town of Kaminiz Podolsk and Preluki settled on the land, near a small spring called "Dilb" so-called for the surrounding plane trees (Arabic: dilb; Hebrew: dolev).〔(Flowers in Israel )〕 The other 20 arrived there in spring of 1920 while five of the group came in December 1920 after liquidation of the farm in Odessa where they learned to become farmers. In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, ''Qiriath Anavim'' had a population of 73, all Jews.〔Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 14〕 By the end of 1920, there were 200 pioneers on the kibbutz. On Hanukkah 1925, a group of Hebrew writers convened at Kiryat Anavim to discuss creative ways of promoting the land reclamation and settlement work of the Jewish National Fund. The conference expressed the hope that Jewish authors and intellectuals in the Diaspora would help to further this cause. 〔(Keren Kayemeth, Third Decade )〕 The Gordonia group arrived from Galicia, Poland in 1936. On 9 November 1937, five members of the Gordonia group working on a Jewish National Fund afforestation project near Kiryat Anavim were ambushed and murdered by Arabs. Kibbutz Ma'ale HaHamisha (lit. ''Hill of the Five''), established a year later, was named for them.〔(Lessons and Legacies I: The Meaning of the Holocaust in a Changing World, edited by Peter Hayes )〕 During "The Hunting Season", Kiryat Anavim served as a base for the Haganah. In the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the 4th Battalion of the Palmach (Harel Brigade), with Uzi Narkiss, mounted their fight for Sha'ar HaGai, the road to Jerusalem, and the city itself, from Kiryat Anavim.〔(A defender of Jerusalem ) The Jerusalem Post〕 Kiryat Anavim and the adjacent Ma'ale HaHamisha were the site of a battle for Mount Hagana between the Palmach (including troops that retreated from the Radar Hill) and the Transjordanian Arab Legion.〔Yitzhaki, Aryeh (1988), ''A Guide to War Monuments and Sites in Israel'', p. 59〕 On 6 September 1996, a fire in the Jerusalem corridor caused extensive damage in Kiryat Anavim and surroundings. Fifteen homes and 10 other buildings were damaged in the blaze.〔(Israeli Fire Destroys 40 Homes; Allegations of Poor Response ) SNS Special Report, 8 September 1996〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kiryat Anavim」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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